Os mosquitos s\u00e3o insetos de grande import\u00e2ncia em sa\u00fade p\u00fablica. Apesar dos avan\u00e7os da medicina, as doen\u00e7as por eles transmitidas, destacando-se a mal\u00e1ria, o dengue, a chikungunya, a febre por zika v\u00edrus, a febre amarela, a filariose e a encefalite, debilitam e matam milh\u00f5es de pessoas. Quando n\u00e3o atuam como transmissores de pat\u00f3genos (v\u00edrus, protozo\u00e1rios etc) podem representar um impacto negativo para a economia, uma vez que o incomodo causado pelas picadas, frequentemente inibe atividades recreativas em \u00e1reas externas e perturba o sono dos trabalhadores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Atualmente s\u00e3o reconhecidas 3.492 esp\u00e9cies de mosquitos que habitam os mais variados ambientes do planeta. A regi\u00e3o Neotropical (Am\u00e9rica do Sul, Am\u00e9rica Central, parte do sul do M\u00e9xico e da pen\u00ednsula Baixa Calif\u00f3rnia e ilhas do Caribe) \u00e9 a detentora da maior diversidade, com a ocorr\u00eancia de 1.069 esp\u00e9cies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Relacionamos, a seguir, alguns dados biol\u00f3gicos de esp\u00e9cies de import\u00e2ncia s\u00f3cio sanit\u00e1ria: Culex quinquefasciatus <\/em>e Aedes aegypti<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Como reconhec\u00ea-lo<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 adultos: corpo escurecido com posi\u00e7\u00e3o de repouso paralela \u00e0 superf\u00edcie e abdome com extremidade arredondada;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 ovos: as posturas ocorrem na superf\u00edcie da \u00e1gua; ovos colocados um a um mant\u00eam-se unidos formando um conjunto denominado jangada (0,6 mm de comprimento e 0,3 mm de largura); cada jangada possui de 200 a 300 ovos;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 larvas: vermiformes, sem asas nem pernas; passam por quatro est\u00e1gios; posi\u00e7\u00e3o obl\u00edqua em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 superf\u00edcie da \u00e1gua;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 pupas: em formato de \u201cv\u00edrgula\u201d; permanecem por longo tempo na superf\u00edcie da \u00e1gua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Como se desenvolve<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 durante o ciclo de vida passa pelas etapas de ovo, larva, pupa e adulto;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 as etapas de ovo, larva e pupa ocorrem na \u00e1gua, enquanto a de adulto representa a fase a\u00e9rea;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 ap\u00f3s um ou dois dias da postura, os ovos eclodem liberando as larvas;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 durante a fase larv\u00e1ria que pode durar de 4 a 6 dias, as larvas sofrem quatro mudas aumentando de tamanho;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 as larvas s\u00e3o m\u00f3veis e sobem \u00e0 superf\u00edcie para respirar o oxig\u00eanio atmosf\u00e9rico;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 as larvas alimentam-se de microrganismo aqu\u00e1ticos e mat\u00e9ria org\u00e2nica;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 as larvas de 4\u00b0 est\u00e1gio transformam-se em pupas;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 as pupas s\u00e3o m\u00f3veis mas n\u00e3o se alimentam;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 o ciclo de ovo a adulto pode durar de 7 a 10 dias, sendo fortemente influenciado pela temperatura;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 os adultos vivem algumas semanas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Os h\u00e1bitos<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 s\u00f3 as f\u00eameas s\u00e3o hemat\u00f3fagas (sangue \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio para a matura\u00e7\u00e3o dos ovos);<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 machos alimentam-se de sucos vegetais;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 os criadouros s\u00e3o representados por cole\u00e7\u00f5es de \u00e1gua estagnada, rica em mat\u00e9ria org\u00e2nica: cursos d\u2019\u00e1gua, valas, fossas, piscinas abandonadas, galerias de \u00e1guas pluviais etc;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 \u00e9 uma esp\u00e9cie dom\u00e9stica com acentuada antropofilia;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 f\u00eameas picam ao entardecer;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 adultos voam a uma altura entre 1,50 e 2,00 m, podendo deslocarse por 2 km;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 no norte e nordeste do Brasil \u00e9 o principal transmissor da filariose (\u201celefant\u00edase\u201d); vale lembrar que no Estado do Rio de Janeiro n\u00e3o ocorre a transmiss\u00e3o desta doen\u00e7a sendo o mosquito respons\u00e1vel, apenas, pelo grande incomodo que causa \u00e0 popula\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
Mosquito do dengue (Aedes aegypti<\/em>)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n(Aedes aegypti<\/em> | Foto: WHO – World Health Organization)<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Como reconhec\u00ea-lo<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 adultos: corpo escuro com desenho em forma de lira na parte superior do t\u00f3rax; pernas com \u201can\u00e9is brancos\u201d; abdome com extremidade pontiaguda; posi\u00e7\u00e3o de repouso paralela \u00e0 superf\u00edcie;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 ovos: colocados isoladamente acima do n\u00edvel da \u00e1gua; s\u00e3o pequenos, escuros e resistem \u00e0 desseca\u00e7\u00e3o por longos per\u00edodos; cada postura tem em m\u00e9dia 150 ovos; as f\u00eameas fazem posturas parciais depositando os ovos em v\u00e1rios criadouros;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 larvas: posi\u00e7\u00e3o vertical em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 superf\u00edcie da \u00e1gua;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 pupas: n\u00e3o se diferenciam muito das do Culex quinquefasciatus<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Como se desenvolve<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 ciclo biol\u00f3gico semelhante ao Culex quinquefasciatus<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Os h\u00e1bitos<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 os principais criadouros s\u00e3o recipientes artificiais que acumulam \u00e1gua como latas, garrafas, pneus, vasos de plantas mantidas em \u00e1gua, pratos de suporte dos vasos, caixas d\u2019\u00e1gua, cisternas, barris, tambores, lagos artificiais, etc;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 f\u00eameas picam durante o dia, de prefer\u00eancia ao amanhecer e pr\u00f3ximo ao entardecer;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 permanecem pr\u00f3ximo aos locais de oviposi\u00e7\u00e3o (100 a 500 m);<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 mosquito transmissor de v\u00e1rias arboviroses como dengue, chikungunya, febre por zika v\u00edrus e febre amarela urbana;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 \u00e9 uma esp\u00e9cie de origem africana.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Os mosquitos s\u00e3o insetos de grande import\u00e2ncia em sa\u00fade p\u00fablica. Apesar dos avan\u00e7os da medicina, as doen\u00e7as por eles transmitidas, destacando-se a mal\u00e1ria, o dengue, a chikungunya, a febre por zika v\u00edrus, a febre amarela, a filariose e a encefalite, debilitam e matam milh\u00f5es de pessoas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1321,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[22,21],"class_list":["post-1317","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-controle-de-vetores-e-pragas-urbanas","tag-aerosystem","tag-mosquitos"],"yoast_head":"\n
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